[单选题]The passage suggests that the early shops for making tools were ______.

正确答案 ：A

not very sophisticated

解析：解析：本题的依据句是“At first，these articles were whittled with a knife，but when pioneer craftsmen set up their primitive shops most of them were fashioned on a lathe--a machine which holds an object and rotates it while it is being shaped by a tool.”在这里，A选项的not very sophisticated 意思为“并不复杂，是简单的”，对应原文中的primitive(原始的，简单的)。其他选项的内容属于无关信息。

[单选题]All the firemen in the city were ______to fight against the big fire.

正确答案 ：C

called up

解析：解析：called in意为“回收”；called off意为“取消”；called up 意为“召集，打电话，使人想起”；called on意为“访问(某人)”。

[单选题]Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the【31】of the year, or manured a field; but we know【32】about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so【33】so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are【34】that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are,【35】they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in【36】an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and【37】them how to do it most efficiently — this, after all, is【38】conquerors and generals have done -- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other【39】by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of other side, and then【40】that that side which has killed most has won.

正确答案 ：C

length

解析：解析：length of the year意思为“一年的天数(时间长度)”；其他选项意思与语境不相符合。

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