【名词&注释】
社会组织(social organization)、肾小管(renal tubular)、马克思主义哲学(marxist philosophy)、测试点(test point)、水平衡(water balance)、指导作用(guiding role)、现代科学(modern science)、唯心主义(idealism)、社会成员(social members)、公开市场(open market)
[填空题]假设存在许多家商业银行，公众不持有通货，法定准备金率规定为10%。如果在进行公开市场(open market)操作前银行没有持有超额储备，那么联邦储备委员会出售价值为20万美元的政府债券的公开市场(open market)操作，最终将导致货币供给减少（ ）。
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举一反三：
[单选题]Passage ThreeIn an age when waste today means a lack tomorrow, making use of every available resource becomes more and more important. As coal is being used in greater and greater amounts to produce electricity, larger amounts of ash, by-product of coal, are produced. When coal is burned
A. in a boiler, two kinds of ash by-product are produced, a heavy bottom ash and a fine-as-powder fly ash that is filtered and captured by precipitators. About 10 to 15 percent of the coal by-product is bottom ash which is used like sand on icy city streets and highways and also on highways as paving material. It is the fly ash, however, that is receiving the greater amount of attention. Fly ash may be used as an additive to concrete in the construction of dams, bricks, and roads, and can replace up to 20 percent of the cement used in concrete. As a by-product of burned coal, fly ash requires no additional expenditure of energy to be produced, while cement production requires great amounts of energy.
B. In addition to using fly ash as a concrete additive, the technology is available to extract the main mineral components-aluminum, silicon, and magnetic. Today, extracting these components is a very expensive process, but the time may come when it is cheaper to extract these products from ash than to mine new supplies.
C. 41. What can be used as a material to pave roads?
D. The coal by-product.
E. Additive.
F. Fine-as-powder fly ash.
G. Both B and C．
[单选题]马克思主义哲学对现代科学(modern science)的指导作用的表现是
A. 帮助科学解决所不能解决的问题 B． 代替科学的某些作用
B. 提供正确的思维理论和研究方法 D． 排除唯心主义(idealism)和形而上学的干扰
[单选题]根据下列文章，回答31～35题。The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.
A. Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its prebubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotiveassembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts—a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.
B. More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.
C. What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have begun to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.
D. As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.
E. 第 31 题 The author holds in paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries
F. is subject to groundless doubts.
G. has fallen victim of bias.
H. is conventionally downgraded.
I. has been overestimated.
[单选题]法律强制作用的主动主体是
A. 政府
B. 国家
C. 社会成员(social members)
D. 社会组织
[单选题]
A. in
B. at
C. around
D. over
[多选题]真武汤中配伍芍药的用意是
A. 止腹痛
B. 敛阴护阴
C. 利小便
D. 养血柔筋
[单选题]肾脏维持体内水平衡的功能，主要靠调节下列哪项活动来实现?
A. 肾小球滤过量
B. 近曲小管对水的重吸收量
C. 髓袢对水的重吸收量
D. 远曲小管和集合管对水的重吸收量
E. 肾小管的分泌机能
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