【名词&注释】
形而上学(metaphysics)、禾本科植物(grass)、必要条件(necessary condition)、相对主义(relativism)、生物碱类药物(alkaloid drug)、顶端分生组织(apical meristem)、侧生分生组织(lateral meristem)、居间分生组织(intercalary meristem)、直根系(axial root system)、异花传粉(cross pollination)
[单选题]根系有两种类型，直根系(axial root system)是由主根发育而来，须根系是由侧根发育而来。( )
A. 正确
B. 错误
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举一反三：
[单选题]
A. consider
B. argue
C. include
D. realize
[单选题]花单性是进行异花传粉(cross pollination)的必要条件。( )
A. 正确
B. 错误
[单选题]Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one ____it becomes available.
A. as soon as
B. unless
C. as far as
D. until
[单选题]CPlants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.
A. Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack, In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away- or even chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies.
B. Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The “e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when they’re attacked. Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detest whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.
C. The research team worked with an e-nose that recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.
D. To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch (打孔器).
E. The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, pepper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage – by insects or with a hole punch – had been done to the tomato leaves.
F. With some fine tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareve, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.
G. 49. We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by______.
H. making some sounds B． waving their leaves
I. producing some chemicals D． sending out electronic signals
[单选题]关于运动有几种看法：甲说：“太阳每天都是新的”；乙说：“方生方死，方死方生”；丙说：“飞鸟之景未尝动也”。这些观点按照顺序分别是
A. 辩证法 、相对主义、形而上学 B．二元论、形而上学、辩证法
B. 辩证法、相对主义、两点论 D． 辩证法、形而上学、 相对主义
[单选题]水稻和小麦等禾本科植物拔节、抽穗时，茎迅速长高，是借助( )的活动。
A. 顶端分生组织
B. 侧生分生组织(lateral meristem)
C. 次生分生组织
D. 居间分生组织(intercalary meristem)
[单选题]哪种药物易透入角膜（ ）。
A. 脂溶性药物
B. 水溶性药物
C. 油溶性药物
D. 既能溶于水又能溶于油的药物
E. 生物碱类药物
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