【名词&注释】
环境友好(environment-friendly)、剩余价值学说(surplus value theory)、价值尺度(measure of value)、人与自然和谐(harmony between man and nature)、经济手段(economic means)、实践证明(practice shows that)、平均利润(average profit)、流通手段(medium of circulation)、无条件反射(unconditioned reflex)、新的历史条件(new historical conditions)
[单选题]列宁对马克思主义政治经济学所作出的突出贡献是（ ）
A. 创立了剩余价值学说
B. 揭示了资本的积累过程
C. 提出了平均利润(average profit)学说
D. 揭示了帝国主义的实质和基本特征
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举一反三：
[单选题]人类意识和动物的心理活动共同具有的反射活动的形式是（ ）
A. 无条件反射(unconditioned reflex)
B. 一切条件反射
C. 第二信号系统
D. 一切反射活动
[单选题]在下列经济行为中，属于货币执行流通手段(medium of circulation)职能的是（ ）
A. 顾客用10元钱可购买5斤苹果
B. 顾客购买5斤苹果，一周后付款10元
C. 顾客用10元钱购买了5斤苹果
D. 顾客向水果店以每斤2元的价格预定5斤苹果
[单选题]在完全垄断市场上，对于任何产量，厂商的平均收益总等于( )
A. 边际成本
B. 平均成本
C. 市场价格
D. 边际收益
[多选题]治疗风湿热痹病,宜用
A. 白虎桂枝汤
B. 薏苡仁汤
C. 宣痹汤
D. 防风汤
[单选题]环境友好型社会追求的社会体系是
A. 人与自然和谐
B. 环境承载能力
C. 经济社会环境协调发展
D. 环境文化和生态文明
[多选题]计划经济不等于社会主义，资本主义也有计划；市场经济不等于资本主义，社会主义也有市场。”这段话说明（ ）
A. 计划和市场都是经济手段
B. 计划经济和市场经济都属于社会基本制度范畴
C. 计划多一点还是市场多一点，不是社会主义与资本主义的本质区别
D. 社会主义以计划经济为主，资本主义以市场经济为主
[单选题]关于休克的治疗，错误的是
A. 尽早去除休克病因
B. 尽快恢复血容量
C. 尽早使用血管收缩药
D. 纠正酸碱平衡失调
E. 改善心脏功能
[单选题](41~45) Researchers have found that drugs used to treat human seizures can delay aging in worms by as much as 50 percent. The roundworms used for the study are similar to humans in their molecular makeup, raising thepossibility that the drugs could also extend the life span of humans。
A. 第41题：“By finding a class of drugs that delays aging we have found a relationship between the function of the nervous system and aging that was not well understood, ” said Kerry Komfeld, a geneticist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. The findings are detailed this week in the journal Science。 The discovery came out of the thesis work by one of Komfeld’s graduate students, Kimberley Evason. About four years ago, Evason began exposing groups of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans to commercially available drugs to see if the drugs would delay aging or promote longevity。
B. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。
C. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”
D. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。
E. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”
F. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。
G. F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。
H. G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”
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