【名词&注释】
使用价值(use value)、交换价值(exchange value)、价值尺度(measure of value)、社会必要劳动时间(social necessary labor time)、民以食为天、研究结果(results)、生理需求(physiological demand)、物质欲望(material desire)、氧化磷酸化作用(oxidative phosphorylation)、树立社会主义荣辱观
[单选题]马克思指出：“货币作为价值尺度，是商品内在的价值尺度即劳动时间的必然表现形式。”这句话表明：货币充当商品的价值尺度只是外在的，商品内在的价值尺度是
A. 货币自身的交换价值
B. 货币自身的使用价值
C. 价格标准
D. 社会必要劳动时间
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举一反三：
[单选题]根据下列文章，回答26～30题。It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it- is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD） has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
A. The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
B. This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author （or his employer） to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form. of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
C. 第26题：In the first paragraph, the author discusses
D. the background information of journal editing.
E. the publication routine of laboratory reports.
F. the relations of authors with journal publishers.
G. the traditional process of journal publication
[单选题]参与调节氧化磷酸化作用(oxidative phosphorylation)的重要激素是
A. 肾上腺素
B. 甲状腺激素
C. 糖皮质激素
D. 胰岛素
E. 生长素
[单选题]According to this passage, ______may result in the imbalance of bacteria in your intestines.
A. antibiotic treatment for an ear infection
B. taking pills which contain freeze-dried germs
C. eating yogurt or buttermilk
D. eating products made from fermented milk
[多选题]树立社会主义荣辱观，要建立相应的践行机制，主要包括要建立社会主义荣辱观的（ ）
A. 教育机制
B. 修养机制
C. 示范机制
D. 评价机制
[单选题]符合细胞水肿的描述是
A. 细胞浆内出现大小不等的圆形空泡
B. 线粒体、内质网无明显改变
C. 细胞膜上的钠泵受损
D. 原因消除，不能恢复正常
E. 主要由病毒感染引起
[单选题]真核生物蛋白质生物合成时不需要的物质是
A. mRNA
B. 转肽酶
C. GTP
D. EFTu、EFTs
E. 蛋氨酰-tRNA
[单选题]下列亲属中，属于姻亲的是( )。
A. 配偶
B. 堂兄
C. 外祖父
D. 岳父
[单选题]“许多事情我们可以讲一千个理由、一万个理由，但老百姓吃不上饭，就没有理由。‘民以食为天’”。这段话说明
A. 人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，才能从事政治、科技、艺术、宗教等等活动
B. 人的生理需求(physiological demand)是历史的基础
C. 人的自然属性决定着人的本质
D. 人的物质欲望(material desire)是社会发展的根本动力
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