【名词&注释】
技术进步(technical progress)、分子结构(molecular structure)、形而上学(metaphysics)、官僚主义、生产工具(tool of production)、正确理解(correct understanding)、劳动对象(subject of labour)、有形损耗(physical depreciation)、厂房设备、教条式理解
[多选题]下列属于固定资本无形磨损的有（ ）
A. 厂房因自然灾害而造成损失
B. 劳动生产率提高导致现有设备贬值
C. 发明出更便宜更高效的新机器
D. 厂房设备因自然力作用而老化
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举一反三：
[单选题]生产资料是指（ ）
A. 劳动对象(subject of labour)与生产工具之和
B. 劳动过程中的三个简单要素
C. 劳动资料与劳动对象(subject of labour)之和
D. 用来改变劳动对象(subject of labour)的一切物质资料
[单选题]可以有偿也可以无偿的合同是（）。
A. 保管合同
B. 融资租凭合同
C. 运输合同
D. 行纪合同
[单选题](41~45) Researchers have found that drugs used to treat human seizures can delay aging in worms by as much as 50 percent. The roundworms used for the study are similar to humans in their molecular makeup, raising thepossibility that the drugs could also extend the life span of humans。
A. 第41题：“By finding a class of drugs that delays aging we have found a relationship between the function of the nervous system and aging that was not well understood, ” said Kerry Komfeld, a geneticist at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. The findings are detailed this week in the journal Science。 The discovery came out of the thesis work by one of Komfeld’s graduate students, Kimberley Evason. About four years ago, Evason began exposing groups of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans to commercially available drugs to see if the drugs would delay aging or promote longevity。
B. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。
C. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”
D. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。
E. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”
F. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。
G. F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。
H. G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”
[单选题]道德最突出也是最重要的社会功能是
A. 调节功能
B. 辩论功能
C. 激励功能
D. 导向功能
[多选题]在新的历史条件下做到与时俱进，要做到“三个解放出来”，即自觉地把思想认识
A. 从那些不合时宜的观念、做法和体制的束缚中解放出来
B. 从对马克思主义的错误教条式理解中解放出来
C. 从主观主义和形而上学的桎梏中解放出来
D. 从脱离群众的官僚主义中解放出来
[单选题]区别犯罪预备与犯罪未遂的关键在于行为人是否着手实施了（）
A. 有助于犯罪既遂的行为
B. 有助于实现犯罪目的的行为
C. 有助于犯罪结果发生的行为
D. 刑法分则规定的犯罪实行行为
[单选题]
A. footB． food
B. look
C. tooth
[多选题]恩格斯认为：“世界是过程的集合体。”对这一命题的正确理解有（ ）
A. 任何具体事物的发展过程都是有限的
B. 整个世界的发展是无始无终的无限过程
C. 每一个具体事物的有限过程都是整个世界无限发展过程的一部分
D. 世界无限的发展过程是通过具体事物的有限的过程集合而成的
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