【名词&注释】
市场需求(market demand)、私营经济(private economy)、基本矛盾(basic contradiction)、经济规律(economic law)、亚急性感染性心内膜炎(subacute infective endocarditis)、必然联系(positive connection)、重要组成部分(important part)、无风险套利(riskless arbitrage)、经济形式(economic form)、有理由相信(having reasons to believe)
[单选题]均衡价格关系破坏时，投资者会尽可能大地占领市场份额，这是（ ）的实例。
A. 支配性观点
B. 均方差有效率边界
C. 无风险套利(riskless arbitrage)
D. 资本资产定价模型
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举一反三：
[多选题]承认经济规律的客观性意味着
A. 不论人们是否认识经济规律，它都存在和起作用
B. 人们必须尊重经济规律，按照它的要求办事
C. 人们在经济规律面前能够发挥主观能动性
D. 人们能够认识和利用经济规律
[单选题]净出口是指( )
A. 出口减进口 B．出口加进口
B. 出口加政府转移支付 D．进口减出口
[单选题]简单商品经济的基本矛盾是私人劳动和社会劳动的矛盾，这一矛盾存在表明
A. 商品生产者进行生产必然亏损
B. 生产过剩是私有制商品经济的永恒现象
C. 商品生产者要按照市场需求生产
D. 私人劳动完全不能转化为社会劳动
[单选题]亚急性感染性心内膜炎的赘生物常发生于以下哪个部位?
A. 二尖瓣关闭不全的左房面
B. 室间隔缺损的左室面
C. 主动脉瓣关闭不全的主动脉面
D. 动脉导管未闭的主动脉面
E. 房间隔缺损的左房面
[单选题]Ethosuzimide, which was developed in the 1950s, is commonly used to treat epilepsy, though it is no known precisely how the drug controls convulsions. There is no anecdotal evidence that it has had an anti-aglng effect in people. The next step, Komfeld says, is to test if the drugs have an anti-aging effect on animal like flies and mice。 Very little is known about the aging process. From genetic analysis, researchers have found that an in sulin-like signaling system regulates aging and longevity. A good diet can delay aging and extend a person life span. But scientists know virtually nothing about the effect of drugs on aging. “It’s a big void, ” Konfeld said。 In addition to delaying age-related degenerative changes, the drugs also increased neuromuscular activty, suggesting a link between the neuromuscular system and the aging process。
A. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。
B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”
C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。
D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”
E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。
F. F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。
G. G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”
[单选题]我国社会主义初级阶段的个体经济是（ ）
A. 与社会主义公有制相联系的劳动者的小私有经济
B. 社会主义性质经济的重要组成部分(important part)
C. 与社会主义公有制相联系的私营经济
D. 与资本主义经济存在必然联系的经济形式(economic form)
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