在自动控制系统中，从受控部分发出到达控制部分的信息称为

【名词&注释】

恩格斯(engels)、信息社会(information society)、第一次(the first time)、资本主义国家(capitalist countries)、非指导性教学模式(non-guidance teaching model)、《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》、每一个学生、十五大报告、毛泽东思想活的灵魂

[单选题]在自动控制系统中，从受控部分发出到达控制部分的信息称为

A. 偏差信息
B. 干扰信息
C. 控制信息
D. 反馈信息
E. 自控信息

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举一反三：

[单选题]恩格斯在谈到资本主义国家职能时指出，“政治统治到处都是以执行某种社会职能为基础”。这就是说

A. 社会职能是资本主义国家的主要职能
B. 资本主义国家的政治职能都是通过社会职能体现的
C. 资本主义国家的政治职能在弱化
D. 政治统治只有在执行社会职能时才能持续下去

[单选题]根据下列文章回答，21～25题。Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on autopilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the everchanging 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative implication.

A. So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
B. Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.
C. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
D. “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind . “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
E. All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
F. The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will... and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.
G. 第 21 题 In Wordsworth’s view，“habits” is characterized by being
H. casual.
I. familiar.
J. mechanical.
K. changeable.

[单选题]只要提供了足够的时间和帮助，每一个学生都能达成学习目标。依据这种思想建构的教学模式是

A. 程序教学模式B．发现教学模式
B. 掌握学习教学模式D．非指导性教学模式

[单选题]第一次使用了“毛泽东思想活的灵魂”的表述的文件是

A. 七大《党章》
B. 《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》
C. 《十五大报告》
D. 十五大《党章》

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